Data visualization techniques are methods used to represent data visually, making complex information easier to understand. Common techniques include bar charts, line graphs, and pie charts, which help to illustrate trends, comparisons, and proportions in data sets. These visual tools allow users to quickly grasp insights and patterns that might be difficult to see in raw data. Another important technique is heat maps, which use color to represent data density or intensity, making it easy to identify areas of interest. Additionally, scatter plots can show relationships between two variables, helping to reveal correlations. Overall, effective data visualization enhances decision-making and communication.