A data model is a conceptual framework that organizes and defines how data is structured, stored, and accessed. It provides a blueprint for designing databases, ensuring that data is represented in a way that is both efficient and meaningful. Common types of data models include relational models, hierarchical models, and object-oriented models, each serving different needs and applications. Data models help in visualizing data relationships and constraints, making it easier for developers and analysts to understand the data landscape. By using a data model, organizations can improve data consistency, reduce redundancy, and enhance data integrity, ultimately leading to better decision-making and analysis.