A data model is a conceptual framework that organizes and defines how data is structured, stored, and manipulated within a system. It provides a visual representation of data elements and their relationships, helping to ensure consistency and clarity in data management. Common types of data models include entity-relationship diagrams, relational models, and object-oriented models. Data models are essential in database design, as they guide developers in creating efficient databases that meet user requirements. By establishing rules and standards for data organization, data models facilitate better communication among stakeholders, including data architects, developers, and business analysts.