Data filtering is the process of selecting specific data from a larger dataset based on certain criteria. This technique helps to focus on relevant information, making it easier to analyze and interpret. For example, in a dataset containing sales records, one might filter the data to view only transactions from a particular year or region. Filtering can be applied in various contexts, such as in spreadsheets, databases, or data analysis software. By using filters, users can quickly identify trends, outliers, or patterns within the data, enhancing decision-making and improving overall efficiency in data management.