The Darwinian theory of evolution is a scientific explanation for how species change over time. Proposed by Charles Darwin, it suggests that all living organisms share a common ancestor and evolve through a process called natural selection. In this process, individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those advantageous traits to their offspring. Over many generations, these small changes can lead to the development of new species. This theory helps us understand the diversity of life on Earth and how organisms adapt to their surroundings, shaping the world we see today.