Darkroom techniques refer to the processes used in traditional photography to develop and print images from film. This involves using a controlled environment, or darkroom, where light-sensitive materials can be handled without exposure to light. Key steps include developing the film in a chemical solution, stopping the development process, and fixing the image to make it permanent. Once the film is developed, photographers can create prints using enlargers and photographic paper. The prints are also processed through chemical baths to reveal the final image. Mastery of these techniques allows photographers to manipulate exposure, contrast, and other elements to achieve desired artistic effects.