DNA interactions refer to the ways in which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules engage with each other and with proteins. These interactions are crucial for processes such as replication, where DNA makes copies of itself, and transcription, where DNA is used to create messenger RNA (mRNA). Proteins like transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression. Additionally, DNA can interact with various small molecules and ions, influencing its structure and function. For example, histones are proteins that help package DNA into chromatin, allowing it to fit within the cell nucleus. These interactions are essential for maintaining the integrity and accessibility of genetic information.