DNA damage refers to alterations in the structure of the DNA molecule, which can occur due to various factors such as radiation, chemicals, or biological agents. These changes can disrupt the normal function of genes, potentially leading to issues like cell malfunction or diseases, including cancer. Cells have mechanisms to repair DNA damage, but if the damage is too severe or the repair processes fail, it can result in mutations. Accumulation of these mutations over time can contribute to aging and the development of various health conditions, highlighting the importance of maintaining DNA integrity.