DNA vaccines are a type of vaccine that use genetically engineered DNA to stimulate an immune response. Instead of using weakened or inactivated pathogens, these vaccines introduce a small, circular piece of DNA called a plasmid into the body. This DNA contains instructions for cells to produce a harmless part of a virus or bacterium, prompting the immune system to recognize and fight the actual pathogen if encountered in the future. One of the key advantages of DNA vaccines is their stability and ease of production. They can be quickly designed and manufactured, making them a promising option for responding to emerging infectious diseases. Research is ongoing to explore their effectiveness in humans and their potential use against various diseases, including COVID-19.