DNA Mismatch Repair is a cellular process that corrects errors that occur during DNA replication. When DNA is copied, sometimes the wrong bases are paired together, leading to mismatches. This repair system identifies and removes these incorrect segments, ensuring the genetic information remains accurate. The process involves several key proteins that recognize the mismatched bases, excise the erroneous section, and fill in the correct nucleotides. Proper functioning of DNA Mismatch Repair is crucial for maintaining genomic stability and preventing mutations that can lead to diseases, including cancer.