DMX controllers are devices used in lighting and stage production to manage and control lighting fixtures and effects. They communicate using the DMX512 protocol, which allows for the control of multiple lights and devices from a single controller. This technology is widely used in concerts, theater productions, and events to create dynamic lighting effects. These controllers can vary in complexity, from simple handheld units to advanced software-based systems. Users can program lighting cues, adjust brightness, and change colors, enabling synchronized lighting displays that enhance the overall experience of a performance or event.