The Czech avant-garde refers to a movement in the early 20th century that sought to challenge traditional artistic norms and explore new forms of expression. It encompassed various disciplines, including literature, visual arts, and theater, and was characterized by experimentation and innovation. Key figures included Karel Čapek, known for his plays and science fiction, and Vladislav Vančura, a prominent novelist and filmmaker. This movement was influenced by broader European trends, such as Dadaism and Surrealism, and often reflected the social and political changes of the time. The Czech avant-garde played a significant role in shaping modern art and literature in the region, leaving a lasting legacy on future generations of artists.