Cyclases
Cyclases are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) into cyclic AMP (cAMP) or cyclic GMP (cGMP). These cyclic nucleotides play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, metabolism, and gene expression. Cyclases are essential for transmitting signals within cells, allowing them to respond to external stimuli.
There are two main types of cyclases: adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP, and guanylate cyclase, which produces cGMP. Both types are involved in regulating physiological functions, such as blood pressure, smooth muscle contraction, and neurotransmission. Dysregulation of cyclases can lead to various diseases, highlighting their importance in health and disease.