Cutting fluids are specialized liquids used in machining processes to improve the efficiency and quality of cutting operations. They help reduce friction and heat generated during the cutting of materials like metal and plastic, which can lead to tool wear and damage. By cooling the cutting tool and workpiece, cutting fluids enhance the lifespan of tools and improve surface finishes. These fluids can be classified into several types, including water-based emulsions, oil-based fluids, and synthetic fluids. Each type has specific properties suited for different machining tasks, such as turning, milling, or drilling. Proper selection and application of cutting fluids are essential for optimal machining performance.