A cryopump is a type of vacuum pump that uses extremely low temperatures to capture and remove gas molecules from a vacuum chamber. It operates by cooling surfaces to cryogenic temperatures, typically using liquid nitrogen or helium, which causes gas molecules to condense and freeze onto these surfaces. This process creates a high vacuum environment, essential for various scientific and industrial applications. Cryopumps are commonly used in fields such as semiconductor manufacturing, vacuum physics, and space simulation. They are known for their ability to achieve very low pressures and for having no moving parts, which reduces maintenance needs and increases reliability.