Cryogenic temperatures refer to extremely low temperatures, typically below -150 degrees Celsius (-238 degrees Fahrenheit). At these temperatures, the behavior of materials changes significantly, often leading to increased electrical conductivity in some metals and decreased molecular motion in gases. Cryogenic technology is essential in various fields, including space exploration, medical applications, and superconductivity. Common cryogenic substances include liquid nitrogen and liquid helium, which are used to cool materials and preserve biological samples. The study of cryogenics also plays a crucial role in particle physics and quantum computing, where maintaining low temperatures is vital for the performance of certain systems and experiments.