Cryogenic processes involve the use of extremely low temperatures, typically below -150 degrees Celsius (-238 degrees Fahrenheit), to achieve specific effects on materials. These processes are commonly used in various fields, including liquid nitrogen storage, superconductivity, and cryopreservation of biological samples. By cooling substances to these temperatures, their physical and chemical properties can change, allowing for unique applications. In industrial settings, cryogenic processes are essential for the liquefaction of gases like oxygen and helium. This liquefaction enables easier storage and transportation. Additionally, cryogenic technology plays a crucial role in space exploration, where it is used to fuel rockets and preserve scientific instruments in extreme conditions.