Crowd dynamics is the study of how groups of people behave and move in various situations. This field examines factors such as crowd density, movement patterns, and social interactions, which can influence how individuals react in a crowd. Understanding these dynamics is essential for managing large gatherings, ensuring safety, and improving crowd flow in places like stadiums, concerts, and public events. Researchers in crowd dynamics often use simulations and mathematical models to predict crowd behavior. This information can help design better public spaces and emergency evacuation plans. By analyzing past events, such as concerts or sporting events, experts can identify potential risks and develop strategies to enhance crowd safety and efficiency.