The Cromwellian conquest refers to the military campaign led by Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil War in the mid-17th century, particularly focusing on the conquest of Ireland from 1649 to 1653. Cromwell aimed to subdue Irish resistance and establish English control, which he justified as a means to secure Protestant rule and punish perceived injustices against the English. Cromwell's forces faced fierce opposition from Irish troops, leading to several significant battles, including the sieges of Drogheda and Wexford. The campaign resulted in widespread devastation and significant loss of life, ultimately leading to the establishment of English dominance in Ireland and the confiscation of land from Irish Catholics.