The Cristero War (1926-1929) was a conflict in Mexico between the government and Catholic rebels known as the Cristeros. The war arose in response to strict anti-Catholic laws enacted by President Plutarco Elías Calles, which aimed to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church in Mexican society. The Cristeros fought to defend their religious rights and restore the Church's role in public life. The conflict resulted in significant violence and loss of life, with estimates of casualties ranging from 90,000 to 250,000. The war ended with a compromise in 1929, allowing some religious freedoms while maintaining government control over the Church. The Cristero War remains a pivotal moment in Mexican history, highlighting the struggle between state and religion.