Criminal responsibility refers to the legal concept that determines whether an individual can be held accountable for their actions under the law. It assesses whether a person had the mental capacity to understand the nature of their actions and the consequences at the time the crime was committed. Factors such as age, mental illness, and intent play a crucial role in this evaluation. In many legal systems, individuals deemed incapable of understanding their actions may be found not criminally responsible. This can lead to alternative outcomes, such as treatment or rehabilitation, rather than traditional punishment. Understanding criminal responsibility helps ensure that justice is served fairly.