A criminal case involves legal proceedings against an individual or group accused of committing a crime. These cases are typically initiated by the government, represented by a prosecutor, who presents evidence to prove the accused's guilt. The accused, known as the defendant, has the right to defend themselves, often with the help of a lawyer. Criminal cases can range from minor offenses, like petty theft, to serious crimes, such as murder or drug trafficking. The outcome can result in various penalties, including fines, community service, or imprisonment, depending on the severity of the crime and the laws of the jurisdiction.