Cresus, also known as Croesus, was the last king of Lydia, a wealthy kingdom in ancient Anatolia, which is now part of modern-day Turkey. He ruled from approximately 595 to 546 BCE and is often remembered for his immense wealth, which became a symbol of riches in ancient times. His reign marked the peak of Lydian prosperity, and he is credited with the introduction of the first standardized gold coins. Cresus is famously associated with the phrase "rich as Croesus," highlighting his legendary wealth. His kingdom fell to the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great, leading to his eventual downfall. Despite his riches, Cresus is often depicted as a cautionary figure, illustrating the unpredictability of fortune and the limits of wealth.