Cranial measurements refer to the techniques used to assess the size and shape of the human skull. These measurements can provide valuable information about an individual's ancestry, health, and development. Common methods include measuring the length, width, and height of the skull, as well as calculating the cranial index, which compares the width to the length. These measurements are often used in fields such as anthropology, archaeology, and forensic science. By analyzing cranial data, researchers can draw conclusions about population characteristics and evolutionary trends. Additionally, cranial measurements can assist in identifying individuals in forensic investigations or studying human evolution.