Covered wagons were large, horse-drawn vehicles used primarily in the 19th century for transporting goods and people across long distances. They featured a wooden frame covered with a canvas or cloth, which protected the contents from rain and sun. These wagons played a crucial role in westward expansion in the United States, especially during the Oregon Trail and California Gold Rush. Typically pulled by oxen or horses, covered wagons could carry supplies, tools, and personal belongings. They were essential for pioneers and settlers moving to new territories, allowing families to travel together while bringing necessary items for starting a new life in the frontier.