The County of Hainaut was a historical region in what is now modern-day Belgium and parts of France. Established in the 9th century, it became a significant political and economic center during the Middle Ages. The county was known for its rich resources, including agriculture and mining, which contributed to its prosperity. Hainaut was ruled by various noble families, including the House of Habsburg and the House of Valois. The region played a crucial role in the development of Flanders and was involved in numerous conflicts, particularly during the Hundred Years' War. Today, Hainaut is a province in Belgium, reflecting its historical significance.