Corsairs were privateers or pirates who operated in the Mediterranean Sea and other waters from the 16th to the 19th centuries. They were often authorized by governments to attack enemy ships and seize their cargo, acting under a letter of marque. This made their actions legal, distinguishing them from traditional pirates. These seafarers were commonly associated with Barbary States in North Africa, where they targeted European vessels. Corsairs played a significant role in maritime conflicts, contributing to the naval power of their sponsoring nations while also instilling fear in merchant shipping.