Coral structures are formed by colonies of tiny marine animals called coral polyps. These polyps secrete calcium carbonate, which builds up over time to create hard, protective skeletons. As these colonies grow, they form intricate and diverse shapes, contributing to the overall structure of coral reefs. Coral reefs provide essential habitats for a wide variety of marine life, including fish, invertebrates, and other organisms. They also play a crucial role in coastal protection, helping to reduce wave energy and prevent erosion. Healthy coral structures are vital for maintaining biodiversity in ocean ecosystems.