A coordinate plane is a two-dimensional surface formed by two perpendicular lines called axes. The horizontal line is known as the x-axis, and the vertical line is called the y-axis. These axes intersect at a point called the origin, which has the coordinates (0, 0). The plane is divided into four sections, known as quadrants, where each point can be identified by a pair of numbers called coordinates. Coordinates are written in the form (x, y), where x represents the position along the x-axis and y represents the position along the y-axis. This system allows for precise location of points, making it useful in various fields such as mathematics, engineering, and computer graphics.