A Convolutional Code is a type of error-correcting code used in digital communication systems to improve the reliability of data transmission. It works by taking a stream of input data and processing it through a series of memory elements and logic gates, producing a coded output. This output includes not only the original data but also additional bits that help detect and correct errors that may occur during transmission. These codes are particularly useful in environments with high noise levels, such as satellite communications or mobile networks. By using techniques like Viterbi Algorithm, receivers can decode the received signals and recover the original data, ensuring accurate communication even in challenging conditions.