Control modules are electronic devices used in various systems to manage and regulate functions. They receive input from sensors, process the information, and send commands to actuators or other components. This allows for efficient operation in applications like automotive systems, industrial machinery, and home automation. In vehicles, for example, the Engine Control Module (ECM) monitors engine performance and adjusts fuel injection and ignition timing for optimal efficiency. Similarly, in smart homes, control modules can manage lighting, heating, and security systems, enhancing convenience and energy savings.