The Constitution of 3 May was adopted in Poland on May 3, 1791. It is considered one of the first modern constitutions in Europe and aimed to reform the political system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The document sought to strengthen the central government, reduce the power of the nobility, and promote civil liberties. The constitution introduced a constitutional monarchy and established a separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Despite its progressive nature, the Constitution of 3 May faced opposition from neighboring powers, leading to its eventual repeal and the partitioning of Poland in the late 18th century.