The Constitution of 1849 was the foundational legal document for the state of California after it achieved statehood. It established the framework for the state government, outlining the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. This constitution also included provisions for civil rights and local governance. Adopted during the California Gold Rush, the constitution reflected the diverse population and rapid growth of the state. It was later revised in 1879, but the 1849 version played a crucial role in shaping California's early political landscape and governance structure.