The Inca Empire, located in present-day Peru, was one of the largest empires in pre-Columbian America. It was known for its advanced architecture, extensive road systems, and agricultural innovations. The empire reached its height in the early 16th century, but it faced internal strife and external threats.
In 1532, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro led an expedition that resulted in the capture of the Inca ruler Atahualpa. Following a series of battles and strategic alliances, the Spanish forces overthrew the Inca Empire, leading to significant cultural and demographic changes in the region.