Congressional hearings are formal meetings held by committees in the U.S. Congress to gather information, investigate issues, or oversee government activities. During these hearings, lawmakers question witnesses, which can include experts, government officials, and private citizens, to gain insights on specific topics or legislation. These hearings play a crucial role in the legislative process, allowing Congress to hold the executive branch accountable and ensure transparency. They can address a wide range of issues, from public health to national security, and often result in recommendations for new laws or changes to existing policies.