Conformal Field Theory (CFT) is a framework in theoretical physics that studies quantum field theories invariant under conformal transformations. These transformations preserve angles but not distances, allowing for a rich structure of symmetries. CFTs are particularly useful in understanding critical phenomena in statistical mechanics and string theory. CFTs are characterized by their ability to describe systems at critical points, where phase transitions occur. They provide powerful tools for analyzing the behavior of particles and fields in two dimensions, leading to insights in areas like string theory and quantum gravity.