Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is a statistical technique used to test whether a set of observed variables can be explained by a smaller number of underlying factors. It helps researchers confirm hypotheses about the relationships between variables and the structure of data. By specifying a model based on theory, CFA assesses how well the data fits this model. In CFA, researchers define the expected relationships between observed variables and latent factors. The analysis provides fit indices that indicate how well the model represents the data. This method is commonly used in fields like psychology, education, and social sciences to validate measurement instruments.