Confirmation Theory is a concept in philosophy and statistics that examines how evidence supports or contradicts a hypothesis. It focuses on the relationship between a theory and the observations that confirm or disconfirm it. The theory suggests that evidence should be evaluated based on its ability to confirm a hypothesis rather than simply its occurrence. In scientific research, hypotheses are tested through experiments and observations. Confirmation Theory helps researchers understand how new data can reinforce existing theories or lead to their revision. This process is crucial for the advancement of knowledge in fields like science, psychology, and sociology.