The Commonwealth of Poland, also known as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was a dual state formed in 1569, uniting the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries in Europe during its height, known for its unique political system that included a form of democracy called the Golden Liberty. The Commonwealth was characterized by a diverse population, including Poles, Lithuanians, Ukrainians, and Jews. It played a significant role in European politics and culture until its decline in the late 18th century, leading to its partitions by neighboring powers, including Prussia, Austria, and Russia.