Columbus Day is a federal holiday in the United States, observed on the second Monday of October. It commemorates the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas on October 12, 1492. The day is often marked by parades, educational events, and discussions about the impact of European exploration on indigenous populations. In recent years, the holiday has become controversial, with some advocating for its replacement with Indigenous Peoples' Day. Critics argue that celebrating Columbus overlooks the negative consequences of his voyages, including the colonization and suffering of native peoples. This has led to a broader conversation about history and representation.