Columba livia, commonly known as the rock pigeon or rock dove, is a bird species native to Europe, North Africa, and South Asia. It has a stout body, short neck, and a small head, with a wingspan of about 60 to 70 centimeters. These birds are often found in urban areas, where they have adapted well to human environments. Rock pigeons are known for their strong homing ability, which has made them popular in pigeon racing and as pets. They primarily feed on seeds and grains, and their plumage can vary in color, including shades of gray, white, and brown.