Cognitive tasks are activities that require mental processes such as thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and memory. These tasks can range from simple actions, like recalling a friend's name, to more complex activities, such as solving a math problem or planning a project. They engage various cognitive functions, including attention, perception, and decision-making. Examples of cognitive tasks include puzzles, reading comprehension, and mental arithmetic. These tasks are often used in educational settings to assess a person's cognitive abilities and can also be found in everyday life, such as when navigating a new route or making choices based on available information.