Cognitive changes refer to alterations in mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving. These changes can occur due to various factors, including aging, neurological conditions, or brain injuries. For instance, conditions like Alzheimer's disease can lead to significant memory loss and difficulties in reasoning. Additionally, cognitive changes can be influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and social engagement. Engaging in activities like reading or puzzles can help maintain cognitive function. Understanding these changes is essential for developing strategies to support mental health and enhance overall well-being.