Coenzyme R, also known as pantoic acid, is a vital cofactor involved in the synthesis of coenzyme A, which plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes. It is essential for the metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates, helping to convert nutrients into energy. This coenzyme is particularly important in the biosynthesis of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), which is necessary for the production of hormones and the maintenance of healthy skin. A deficiency in coenzyme R can lead to metabolic disorders and affect overall health.