Code formatting refers to the practice of organizing and structuring code in a way that enhances readability and maintainability. This includes using consistent indentation, spacing, and line breaks, which help programmers understand the code's logic and flow. Proper formatting can also prevent errors and make it easier for teams to collaborate on projects. Common code formatting styles include the use of camelCase, snake_case, and PascalCase for naming variables and functions. Tools like prettier and ESLint can automatically format code according to specified guidelines, ensuring that all team members adhere to the same standards and improving overall code quality.