Co-channel interference occurs when multiple devices or systems operate on the same frequency channel, leading to signal overlap. This overlap can cause degradation in communication quality, resulting in dropped calls or slow data transmission. It is a common issue in wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi and cellular networks, where many users share limited frequency bands. To mitigate co-channel interference, network designers often implement strategies like frequency planning and spatial separation. These techniques help to minimize the chances of overlapping signals, ensuring that users experience clearer communication and better overall performance in their devices.