Clostridium difficile, often called C. diff, is a type of bacteria that can cause severe diarrhea and other intestinal issues. It usually occurs after the use of antibiotics, which can disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in the gut. When this happens, C. diff can multiply and produce toxins that lead to inflammation and symptoms like abdominal pain and fever. Infections with C. diff are more common in hospitals and nursing homes, where people may have weakened immune systems. Treatment typically involves specific antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria, and in some cases, a fecal transplant may be considered to restore healthy gut bacteria.