Climate variability refers to the natural fluctuations in climate patterns over time, which can occur on various scales, from months to decades. These changes can affect temperature, precipitation, and other weather conditions, leading to periods of drought, heavy rainfall, or unusual temperature extremes. Such variability is influenced by factors like ocean currents, volcanic activity, and solar radiation. Understanding climate variability is essential for predicting weather patterns and preparing for potential impacts on agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems. Scientists study these variations to differentiate between natural changes and those driven by human activities, such as greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change.