Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperatures and weather patterns over time. The primary evidence for climate change includes rising average temperatures, melting ice caps, and increasing sea levels. Scientific data shows that the Earth's surface temperature has risen by about 1.2 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century, largely due to human activities. The main causes of climate change are the increase of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, in the atmosphere. These gases are primarily released through activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasizes that urgent action is needed to mitigate these effects.