Circuit assembly is the process of creating electronic circuits by connecting various components, such as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits, onto a substrate or printed circuit board (PCB). This process can involve manual assembly or automated techniques, ensuring that all parts are correctly placed and soldered to form a functional electronic device. During circuit assembly, quality control is essential to ensure that the assembled circuits operate as intended. Techniques like visual inspection and automated testing are often employed to identify any defects or issues. Proper circuit assembly is crucial for the reliability and performance of electronic products, including those used in consumer electronics, automotive systems, and medical devices.